Access control mechanisms are security systems designed to regulate and monitor who can enter or use specific areas, resources, or information within a facility or network. They work by verifying the identity of individuals through methods such as key cards, PIN codes, biometric scans (like fingerprints or facial recognition), or digital credentials. Once authorized, access is granted according to predefined permissions, ensuring that only approved personnel can enter restricted zones or access sensitive data. These systems not only enhance physical and digital security but also create detailed logs of entry and exit activity, helping organizations maintain accountability, prevent unauthorized access, and comply with safety or privacy regulations.